AUTHORS U - V
Have a look at the UNIGOU Remote Publications developed by students
participating in the Scientific Training part of the UNIGOU Remote Program:
participating in the Scientific Training part of the UNIGOU Remote Program:
Female Genital Mutilation: Why Should We Still Tackle It in 2023?
Ulysses de Moraes Torracca, Paula
Abstract:
February 6th is the International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), this date represents the importance of tackling the practice of female genital mutilation all over the world, aiming to reduce it as much and in as many countries as possible. However, even though this date has its significance for the international community, the number of cases of female genital mutilation in certain areas of the globe are still considerably high. Taking this into account, this article seeks to highlight the gravity of tackling the practices of female genital mutilation (FGM) in the year of 2023, analysing how different actors from the international community – such as, sovereign States, regional and international organisations – found their own ways to reduce FGM and to advocate for the health and for the human rights of girls and women from various backgrounds. Therefore, this study will consist in a literature review, that will serve us as a guide to critically analyse the problematic behind the practices of FGM, leading us to comprehension of its complexity, who facilitates its implementation and its consequences. for girls and women all over the world.
Keywords:
Female Genital Mutilation, gender rights, reproductive health, End FGM.
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V
The Application of Telemonitoring in Different Health Fields: A Bibliographical Review
Vaz Ferreira, Lívia Gabrielle
Abstract:
Telemonitoring is a telehealth service that has been increasingly used and that makes it possible to monitor the patient’s state of health, through the monitoring of physiological changes, the evolution of the treatment, through the recording of patient information, and contacts with professionals of health. It can be performed both in simpler ways, such as through telephone calls, where a health professional talks to the patient, as well as through applications or medical devices developed specifically to assist the patient, taking notes and recording relevant physiological information or detecting anomalies. With the pandemic caused by covid-19, a way to accompany the patient without crowding or exposure to environments at risk of contagion has become very necessary. In addition to making this possible, telemonitoring also means that the patient does not have to go to the hospital or any medical center just to be evaluated, since in some cases the patients may be weakened, and it allows accompanying the patient in cases of rehabilitation. Telemonitoring is also a way to ensure access to medical care and reduce costs, queues and hospital admissions. It is a technique with a great potential for exploration, being, at the same time, a challenge and an opportunity for public and private health agencies.
Keywords:
Telemonitoring, hospital, health care, pregnancy, heart diseases, rehabilitation.
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The Bioeconomy in South America: Understanding Visions, Concepts and Narratives
Vaz Oliveira Aguiar, Rodolfo
Abstract:
As the climate breakdown and the environmental degradation demands new pathways for sustainability, dozens of countries have been working on strategies and policies towards a bioeconomy. Researchers have been concerned essentially in the state of bioeconomy strategies in Global North, as the case of European countries and its vision towards a green transition. In South America, some countries have been working on bioeconomy strategies and development plans related. However, it still lacks an overview to understand what are the visions, concepts, and narratives that are driving the initiatives in this region. The mainstream discourse, of course, has a strong influence, but there are alternative models towards a bioeconomy in many of these countries. This research has the task to assess the bioeconomy strategies and plans related in a selected number of countries through an analytical framework that has been applied throughout the literature. The hypothesis is that there is no vision that converges these strategies toward an integrated framework driven by structural change and environmental sustainability aimed at reversing biodiversity losses and providing food security to local communities. After assessing and comparing selected strategies, it is expected to discuss the findings in order to provide a strong overview that could be considered for further cases in the whole region and even in many Global South countries.
Keywords:
Bioeconomy, South America, sustainability, biodiversity, structural change.
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Law of Fishing Prohibition: The Impacts of the Piracema Period on the Artisanal Fishing Economy in the State of Santa Catarina
Vianna de Abreu Barreto, Luiza
Abstract:
Artisanal fishing is of greater importance to the economy in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, where this category of fishing represents a substantial local fishing production due to the several rivers that exist over the State and allows the growth of many fish species. Although there is a period called Piracema, which is equivalent to the spawning season, which makes the fishing activity forbidden during this time of the year. Thus, this season is followed by State and Federal Regulations that make the fishing prohibited and purpose control all fishery activity throughout this period. This study aims to display the fishing prohibition legislation and discuss its importance for the maintenance of fishing preservation on the environment and its impacts on Artisanal fishermen in the State of Santa Catarina who only have the fishing as a labor economy. In this last situation, the study reveals the unemployment insurance for fishermen during fishing prohibition developed by the Santa Catarina’s government to minimize the financial damages that happen to the fishermen as well as the methods used for fishing and types of fish that are possible to angling during the Piracema season while the fertilization and development of the fish happen in the environment. Furthermore, the methodology used in this work was the literature review, which was based on secondary data collection from educational institutions, governments, archives, and legislations, among other sources listed in the references.
Keywords:
Piracema, spawning season, artisanal fishing economy, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, law of fishing prohibition, sustainability.
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International Comparison of Tax Systems
Viegas Bernardi da Cruz, Felipe
Abstract:
The article starts by giving a general overview of the brazilian tax system. Thereafter, an analysis is made of the Czech Republic counterpart. concluding, the differences and similarities between the taxation applicable in both countries are discussed, with the discovery that the basic framework of both systems is very similar, though there are many disparities between what activites are taxed.
Keywords:
Tax, Investment, Capital Market, Tax Exemption, Income Tax, Brazil, Czech Republic.
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Upcycling as an Alternative to Depletion of Natural Resources: The Curitiba Scenery
Vieira Zanella, Antonia
Abstract:
Earth’s resources are limited, and environmental indicators such as Overshoot Day and Ecological Footprint show that humankind is exhausting them before they are able to renew themselves naturally. Hence the need to seek consumption alternatives in order to not exhaust planet Earth. One of these alternatives, upcycling, fits this demand, as it seeks to use waste as raw material, instead of natural resources and all the burden that their extraction causes to the planet. With that in mind, this paper presents the practice of upcycling and its relevance to society; connects the practice with the science of Geography; and reviews the scenery of upcycling in the city of Curitiba, by reviewing the online presence of brands and analysing the connection of the practice with Curitiba’s history as a “clean city”. It was found that there is a promising scene of the practice in Curitiba, however, it requires a purchasing power that is not accessible to a lower-middle class population and, therefore, the potential of this practice as a factor for large-scale environmental change is questioned. To become more advantageous and, consequently, more widespread, practices such as upcycling should mind two factors: high prices and, for the fashion industry, small availability of clothing sizes. Geography relates to all of this and is able to give the support to make this kind of analysis due to its holistic nature.
Keywords:
Upcycling, natural resources, Curitiba.
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The Santo Ildefonso’s Frontiers: Delineations of Value in the Old Regime
Villela Pereira, Guilherme
Abstract:
The limits demarcation commissions were sent to the colony for the purpose of delimitation of the frontiers between Portuguese and Spanish America, determined by the Santo Ildefonso Treaty (1777). In this historical context of disputes about the possession and exploration of the american territory, the service of engineers, mathematicians and astronomers was essential for the construction of military buildings that were strategic to the occupation and the gathering of informations that were employed in the diplomatic negotiations concerning disputed regions, above all through cartography. From the study about the expedition through Rio Branco performed by the third division unit of the demarcations and the comparative analysis of maps, diaries and letters, I intend to carry on an integrated take on this voyage. I seek to understand how those engineers and astronomers promoted their diligence and honor through their service, the establishment of relationships with local authorities and, mainly, the production of those documents; seeking their insertion in a bureaucratic plot motivated by the acquisition of “merces” and benefits that highlight the metropolitan interest in the colonial space and the exercise of power in this Old Regime society.
Keywords:
Astronomers, demarcation commissions, engineers, merces, Portuguese America.
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LBGT+ Labour and the Role in Development: A Recent Literature Review
Vinha Soares, Artur
Abstract:
This paper presents a literature review of the relationship between the LGBT+ community and economic development. The LGBT+ community is often excluded from economic processes due to prejudice and discrimination, which leads to negative impacts on both the community and society as a whole. The study highlights the importance of examining power relations and their impact on marginalized communities, as well as the need to center marginalized voices and perspectives in any efforts towards social justice. The literature review covers various works that discuss the origins of the field of research and its most important concepts, including queer perspectives on international relations and economics. The study emphasizes the significance of examining dominant narratives and structures, and includes empirical evidence of the prejudice distorting the labour market. The study also explores the role of LGBTQ+ entrepreneurship in economic development, as well as the challenges and barriers that LGBTQ+ entrepreneurs may face, such as difficulty accessing capital and networks. More recent studies have investigated the relationship between LGBT+ inclusion and economic development, using macro-level analysis to investigate the impact of inclusion on a country’s economic development. Overall, the study argues for more statistical analysis and ways the area can be enriched, emphasizing the need to examine the struggles faced by the LGBT+ community and investigate how the field is addressing the issue of economic exclusion and its downsides in development. The paper provides an overview of the field, including its most important concepts, and concludes with some general directions for further studies.
Keywords:
Labour, LGBT, Development, Literature Review.
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Improving Thermal Comfort in Brazilian Residences
Valadares de Sá, Vanessa Aparecida
Abstract:
Brazil has a predominantly tropical climate, with temperatures typically ranging between 24 and 25°C. However, the thermal performance standards for buildings in the country establish an ideal comfort temperature range of approximately 22°C to 24°C. To meet this standard, the use of air conditioning systems in Brazilian residences is common. There are various construction techniques that can be applied to improve the thermal performance of buildings, aiming to enhance energy efficiency. These techniques include modifications to building facades to promote better natural ventilation. Additionally, these strategies can be optimized with the use of high thermal efficiency materials, such as Phase Change Materials (PCM), which have the ability to absorb and release heat, maintaining stable temperatures. This study aims, first and foremost, to explain the importance of architectural modifications to building facades in Brazilian constructions. Subsequently, the article proposes an evaluation of the thermal performance of a five-story residential model with the incorporation of PCM. The main objective is to identify construction strategies that provide greater thermal comfort without the need for artificial cooling systems. This is of utmost importance in creating more comfortable and sustainable indoor environments in regions with hot climates, significantly contributing to energy efficiency and the well-being of people.
Keywords:
Phase Change Materials, Residential Buildings, Thermal Performance, Subtropical Climate.
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Velocity Distribution for Flow in Pressurized Pipes: A Critical Review
Vale Freire, Daniel Felipe
Abstract:
This paper provides a critical review of velocity distribution in fluid flows within pipes. Models developed from the classical deterministic approach and Principle of Maximum Entropy (PME) are presented and discussed. According to the deterministic approach, the velocity distribution in laminar flow depends on the rheological model of the fluid. For turbulent flows, the well be known velocity profiles proposed by Prandtl-von Kárman lack physical consistency across the entire pipe region. The power-law model depends on the Reynolds number and fluid viscosity, while also exhibiting physical inconsistencies. On the other hand, entropic velocity distribution (EVD) was obtained from the PME, which in turn is based on the information theory, Shannon entropy (SE), random variable and constraints related to total probability and the conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy. Thus, EVD represents a conceptual and generalized model that is physically consistent and satisfies all the assumptions required for flow within pipes. Additionally, it does not necessitate prior knowledge of the fluid rheological model and can be applied to both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids regardless of the rheological model, flow regime and roughness of the pipe.
Keywords:
Velocity distribution, information theory, maximum entropy.
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Unlocking Educational Vulnerabilities Insights: Modeling Encceja Data for Student Performance Analysis
Vaz de Melo Oliveira, Diógenes
Abstract:
This study focuses on modeling open data from the National Examination for the Certification of Skills for Young People and Adults (Encceja), an exam that allows individuals who haven’t completed elementary or secondary education at the appropriate age to obtain a certificate equivalent to a regular school diploma. Encceja plays a vital role in Brazilian education, providing valuable insights into student performance across diverse knowledge domains. Using dimensional modeling techniques by Ralph Kimball and Margy Ross, the study organized a fact table and dimensions within a cloud computing environment on Amazon Web Services (AWS). The data Extraction, Transformation, and Loading (ETL) involved the use of Python in a Sagemaker notebook instance and queries on Athena. The objective was to pave the way for developing a Business Intelligence (BI) dashboard that stimulates discussions for enhancing the Brazilian educational system. It is expected to develop graphical visualizations as a follow-up to this study.
Keywords:
Encceja, Dimensional data modeling, Data Warehouse, Brazilian educational system.
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Breaking Barriers and Facing Stereotypes: A Comprehensive Study in Rock & Metal
Verardo de Moraes, Ingridi
Abstract:
This research paper explores the enduring issue of sexism in rock and heavy metal music, revealing the layers of misogyny and gender bias despite these genres’ rebellion against social norms. It discusses the historical context, cultural influences, and social expectations that have perpetuated women’s struggle for recognition and respect in male-dominated spaces. The paper highlights how women often had to downplay their gender to gain recognition for their musical talents and addresses gender cancellation, where women had to become ‘one of the guys’ to be taken seriously. It also exposes the objectification of women in lyrics, album covers, and media representation, emphasising the commodification of the female body. Additionally, it discusses the challenges of promoting female artists without unintentionally excluding them. Overall, the paper underscores the urgent need to challenge deep-rooted gender biases and redefine the narrative surrounding women in these music genres.
Keywords:
Sexism in Music, Gender Stereotypes in Rock and Metal, Female Musicians, Feminism in Rock and Metal Music, Music Industry Objectification.
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AI-Powered Agriculture: A Scientometric Review of Technological Trends
Vicentin Leite, Kawan
Abstract:
Considered a key element in addressing the current challenges facing the agricultural sector related to food production and climate change, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is successfully helping to optimize human processes or tasks in several sectors. In this study, we present a scientometric analysis to answer the question, what are the technological trends of the application of artificial intelligence in agriculture? We use references indexed in the Scopus, a scientometric methodology, and software tools to perform the research. We identify that the countries with the highest number of publications are India, China, and the United States through document analysis. China is a country with more authors and institutions collaboration. The institution with the highest published number of papers was China Agricultural University. Finally, we identified that Ontology and Sentinel-2 refer to technologies to apply artificial intelligence and information technologies in agriculture. Also, we identify that the Internet of Things (IoT), decision support systems and machine learning is still a mandatory topic in these applications.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence, Agriculture, Scientometry, Technological Trends.
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Tuberculosis in Brazil: Difficulties in Case Control During the Pandemic Period
Vieira do Nascimento, Laryssa
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic represented a period of intense difficulties in controlling tuberculosis cases in the country due to various causes. Research method: For this analysis, the number of confirmed cases made available on the TABNET website during the years 2018 to 2022 were analyzed according to the regions of Brazil. Results: As a result, all regions show a decrease followed by an increase in the number of tuberculosis cases during and after the pandemic. Discussion: This scenario can be related both to factors related to the patient and the presence of patient comorbidities, highlighting HIV, the fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2 and the worsening of social conditions with the increase in unemployment, both government-related factors such as reduced government investment in strategies to control the incidence of tuberculosis, reduced access to health facilities. The presence of increased bacterial resistance to available treatments is also important when observing the possibility of treatment failure. Conclusion: Therefore, the fluctuation in case results must be analyzed carefully, with a slight reduction in notifications being expected during the pandemic, followed by an increase in cases post-pandemic. To try to alleviate this scenario, there is a need to reinforce investment in control strategies against tuberculosis and facilitate access to treatment.
Keywords:
Tuberculosis, Pandemic, Difficulties.
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Inequality of Opportunities. Inferences from Feminine Electoral Financing in MS-Brazil in 2022
Vieira Terenzi, Gabriel
Abstract:
The paper delves into the issue of insufficient female political representation in Brazil, a concern acknowledged both nationally and globally. It empirically examines the landscape of equal opportunities in financing female candidates during the 2022 elections in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. The research investigates whether mechanisms designed to promote equal opportunities for female candidates fall short in practice. The hypothesis is that data cross-referencing will reveal the inadequacy of institutional policies, given the low number of female candidates and their limited success rate. The study relies on publicly available data and adopts a deductive methodology to analyze electoral statistics and financial data. The results highlight the stark underrepresentation of women in Brazilian politics. The research argues for the importance of the principle of equal opportunities in electoral competition and its constitutional grounding. It also discusses the impact of economic power on campaigns and the need for measures to ensure inclusive funding. The conclusion is that despite legal and constitutional provisions, there is a persistent gender disparity in political representation and financing.
Keywords:
Equality of opportunities, feminine candidacies, electoral funding, brazilian election, empirical data.